Term for any substance that makes dough rise.
Leaven
Braided Jewish bread; according to Jewish tradition, Sabbath and holiday meals begin with a blessing over two loaves of this.
Challah
This British snack is traditionally eaten with butter, preserves & clotted cream and takes its name from a Scottish coronation fixture.
Scone
This German word translates to 'twice baked' and refers to bread that is baked, cut into slices and then returned to the oven until very crisp and dry.
Zwieback
Its called a doughnut with rigor mortis! Cornerstone of a popular Jewish snack along with LOX and cream cheese.
Bagel
French for 'fried dough', it is a pastry made from deep-fried dough and sprinkled with confectioner's sugar. Associated with New Orleans.
Beignet
A round, yeast-leavened form of 'national' bread usually dusted with cornmeal; they are a bread-like version of the crumpet.
English Muffin
Generic term for any kind of food coated in batter and deep fried; can also mean idling away your time.
Fritter
Middle-Eastern 'pocket bread.'
Pita
Parisians call it 'Pain Perdu', or 'Lost Bread.' Dustin Hoffman tried making it in Kramer Vs Kramer.
French toast
Sticky, elastic protein substance that gives texture to bread.
Gluten
Unleavened Jewish bread.
Matzo
A highly enriched French bread, whose high egg and butter content give it what is seen as a rich and tender crumb. Marie Antoinette reportedly said "Qu'ils mangent de la ___" or "let them eat cake."
Brioche
Known in English as a French stick or a French loaf. According to a joke, French law bans walking more than seven paces from a boulangerie (baker) without pinching and tasting a just-bought one. The joke states that the penalty for this offense is unknown, because it is a law no one has ever been able to break!
Baguette
Italian white bread whose name means 'slipper.' A toasted sandwich made from small loaves of this is known as a panino (plural panini).
Ciabatta
Bread with a distinctively tangy taste (hence its name), due mainly to the lactic acid and acetic acid produced by the lactobacilli.
Sourdough
Sourdough-risen flatbread that is eaten as a staple in Ethiopia.
Injera
A type of quick bread in which baking soda has been substituted for yeast. Associated with Ireland and typically seen with a cross.
Soda bread
Damper is a traditional and iconic soda bread associated with this country, mate.
Australia
A type of thin, unleavened flat bread, usually made from corn and associated with Latin American cultures.
Tortilla
Dark German bread made from rye.
Pumpernickel
Usually served with tea, these English treats have small holes on top.
Crumpet
Buttery flaky pastry, named for its distinctive crescent shape. Deng Xiaoping was a big fan of them.
Croissant